Open questions in understanding life’s origins

~Open Resolvers: Understanding the Origins of Anomalous Open DNS Resolvers

Recent distributed denial-of-service attacks on the Internet have been exploiting necessarily open protocols, such as DNS. The Spamhaus attack is one of the largest ever examples of such attacks. Although much research has been conducted to discuss how to mitigate these threats, little has been done to understand why open resolvers exist in the first place. In particular, 60% of the open resolv...

Open Questions in Tiling

In the following survey, we consider connections between several open questions regarding tilings in general settings. Along the way, we support a careful revision of the de nition of aperiodicity, and pose several new conjectures. We also give several new examples. Over the years a number of interesting questions have been asked about the combinatorial complexity of tilings in the plane or oth...

Complex molecular mixtures under cycling gradients as basis for lifes origins

Diagram Understanding in Geometry Questions

Automatically solving geometry questions is a longstanding AI problem. A geometry question typically includes a textual description accompanied by a diagram. The first step in solving geometry questions is diagram understanding, which consists of identifying visual elements in the diagram, their locations, their geometric properties, and aligning them to corresponding textual descriptions. In t...

Open Questions in Classical Gravity

We discuss some outstanding open questions regarding the validity and uniqueness of the standard second order Newton-Einstein classical gravitational theory. On the observational side we discuss the degree to which the realm of validity of Newton's Law of Gravity can actually be extended to distances much larger than the solar system distance scales on which the law was originally established. ...